Dog allergies affect 10 to 20% of the world's population. If you've ever noticed allergy symptoms after being kissed by a dog, you're probably wondering if their saliva is the cause.
The short answer? Yes, it's possible to be allergic to dog saliva, says Purvi Parikh, MD, FACAAI, a New York-based allergist and immunologist and spokesperson for the Allergy & Asthma Network.
Read on to learn more about how dog saliva can contribute to your pet's allergies and how to manage them.
Key takeaways
- Dog saliva contains the protein Can f1, which can trigger allergies.
- Dog allergy symptoms include itchy skin, hives, watery eyes, sneezing and asthma flare-ups.
- No dog is 100% hypoallergenic; even breeds labeled as such produce allergens in their saliva.
- Pet parents can manage their pets' symptoms by using medications, reducing exposure, and keeping their homes clean.
How Dog Saliva Causes Allergies
A dog's saliva contains Can f1, a protein that can cause an allergic reaction, says Dr. Parkhi. This protein is also found in dog urine and dander, and it is airborne as animals shed and clean themselves.
“A common misconception is that dog hair causes allergies. However, pet dander, saliva and urine are the main causes of allergy symptoms,” says Stephanie Kayode, BSc, MBChB, MRCP, an allergist based in London. “All three can transfer and build up on dog hair as pets shed and groom themselves.”
In people with dog allergies, the immune system mistakenly identifies proteins in the dog's saliva as harmful, she says. In response, the immune system releases chemicals, such as histamine, into the bloodstream and surrounding tissues, triggering an allergic reaction.
Common Symptoms of Dog Allergies
Dog allergies usually develop over time. “Your immune system needs to see something multiple times to develop and react to an allergy,” says Dr. Parikh.
According to Dr. Parikh, common dog allergy symptoms may include:
Fortunately, Dr. Parikh says it's very rare for dog allergies to cause anaphylaxis. However, asthma can occur frequently and be fatal if left uncontrolled.
Always consult a doctor to help manage your dog's allergy symptoms.
Can you be allergic to the saliva of a hypoallergenic dog?
Yes, you can be allergic to the saliva of a hypoallergenic dog. Although some breeds like Portuguese Water Dogs, Poodles and Goldendoodles have a reputation for being allergen-friendly, Dr. Parikh says they still contain the Can f 1 protein.
Dr. Kayode says there is no dog breed that is truly hypoallergenic, meaning they don't produce any allergens.
“Some breeds produce more allergens than others,” she explains. “But tolerance to a given breed can vary from person to person, depending on individual sensitivities.”
Dr. Kayode adds that it may be possible to find a specific breed that causes fewer symptoms and helps you manage your allergies.
For example, she says short-haired, hairless, low-shedding dog breeds can be good options because they shed less dander allergens. However, allergic reactions are still possible with these dog breeds.
Allergic to dog saliva? Here's how to manage
If you think you may be allergic to dogs, Dr. Kayode recommends seeing your doctor for a skin test or blood test.
Your doctor may prescribe medications such as antihistamines, steroid nasal sprays, eye drops, or in some cases asthma inhalers. Additionally, Dr. Parikh says allergy shots can reduce dog sensitivity over time, although they are not a cure for dog allergies.
Pet owners can take additional steps to reduce exposure to allergens in their home. Dr. Kayode recommends:
